| Adhan (637K wav) |
The
call to prayer ( salat ); usually issued from the minaret of a
mosque. |
| z |
cloak-like, woolen wrap. |
| Abu
Bakr |
first Muslim Caliph. |
| Al-Baqee' |
a
place in Madina. |
| Al-ldhtebaa |
placing the middle of the Reda'
under the right arm and the ends ofit over the
left shoulder during Tawaf. |
| Al-lkhlas |
Chapter 112 of theQur'an(Purity of
Faith). |
| Al-Kafirun |
Chapter 109 of the Qur'an ( Those
who reject Faith). |
| Al-Marwah |
name of the hillock where a Muslim
begins Sa'yi. |
| Al-Raml |
walking quickly but with small steps
during the first three circuits of Tawaf. |
| Arafah |
the
most important stop during Hajj, located beyond
Muzdalifah. |
| Ar-Ramy |
The
Stoning. |
| As-Safaa |
name of the hillock where a Muslim
ends his last lap of Sa'yi.
|
| Asr |
the
afternoon prayer. |
| Arafat |
A
desert location approximately nine miles east of
Makkah where the pilgrim spends the 9th of Zul
Hijjah as a rite of Hajj . The waqfa is performed at Arafat. |
| Ayyam ut Tashreeq |
The 11th, 12th, and
13th days of the month of Zul
Hijjah . On these days, the pilgrim performs Rummy in Mina . |
| Burqa |
a
face veil like a Niqab. |
| Dum |
Also known as khaffarah. This is the
atonement required of a pilgrim for a willful
violation of a prohibition or obligation whilst in
the state of Ihram . |
| Dhul-Hijja |
the
twelfth month of the Islamic calendar. |
| Dhuhr |
the
noon prayer. |
| Eid ul-Adha |
The
festival of sacrifice performed on the 10th day of Zul-Hijjah . An animal such as a sheep or goat is
sacrificed as a commemoration of Prophet Ibrahim's
(pbuh) willingness to sacrifice his son Ishmael
for God. |
| Eid |
celebration for Muslims. |
| Ezaar . |
Lower cloth of Ihram . |
| Fajr |
dawn prayer. |
| Hajj |
official Muslim pilgrimage to
Makkah. |
| Hamza |
one
of the Prophet's uncles and a martyr during the
battle of Uhud. |
| Hajj |
Hajj is one of the five pillars or
central duties of Islam. It is a set of acts of
worship to be performed in and around Makkah at
least once in a lifetime by every Muslim
satisfying certain conditions. There are
three types of Hajj (see below). |
| Hajj ul Ifrad |
The
type of Hajj where the pilgrim pronounces his niyyah (i.e.intention) to perform only Hajj at Miqat while changing into Ihram . |
| Hajj ul Qiran |
The
type of Hajj where the pilgrim pronounces his
intention to perform both Umra and Hajj together with the same Ihram at Miqat . |
| Hajj ut Tamattu |
The
type of Hajj where the pilgrim pronounces his
intention to perform only Umra at Miqat when changing into Ihram . A second niyyah , and a second change into Ihram follow on the
8th of Zul
Hijjah for the performance of the remaining
rites of Hajj. |
| Hajar ul Aswad |
The
sacred Black Stone built into the south-east
corner of the Ka'bah at a height of approximately four feet. The
stone does not belong to the geology of the region
and is a part of the original construction of the
Ka'bah by Prophet Ibrahim (pbuh). The Black Stone
was personally installed in the wall of the Ka'bah
by the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) himself during its
reconstruction following its destruction by a
flash flood. The Prophet (pbuh) also kissed it
during his Last (Farewell) Hajj. Thus, touching
and kissing ( Istilam ) of Hajar ul Aswad during Umra and Hajj is
considered sunnah. |
| Halq |
The
complete shaving of the head by the male pilgrim
on the 10th of Zul
Hijjah . This is the last thing he does before
getting out of the state of Ihram . See Taqseer also. For female pilgrims, the requirements of
Halq and Taqseer are satisfied if they trim their
hair by approximately half an inch. |
| Haram ash Shareef |
The
mosque around the Kabah in Makkah, as well as the mosque in Medina.
The latter, also known as Al Masjid un Nabawi,
contains within its premises the grave of Prophet
Mohammed (pbuh). |
| Hateem |
The
area adjacent to the Kabah on its west side, enclosed by a low
semi-circular wall. Tradition has it that Hajar
(wife of Prophet Ibrahim [pbuh]) is buried in this
enclosure. It is highly recommended that the
pilgrim should offer salat us sunnah and supplications to Allah in this
area. However, this is not a part of the official
rites of Hajj. |
| Idtiba |
The
mode of Ihram used during Tawaf
ul Qudoom . The male pilgrim drapes one end of
the top part of his Ihram over his left shoulder
back-to-front. The other end goes across his back,
under his right arm, across his front, and is
finally draped over his left shoulder. Idtiba is
not observed in any other type of Tawaf . Also, when the pilgrim offers salat us
sunnah after Tawaf ul Qudoom or an obligatory
salat during this Tawaf, he must cover both his
shoulders. In other words, Idtiba is practiced
only while actually performing Tawaf ul Qudoom.
Female pilgrims wear no Ihram, so that the
question of Idtiba for them does not arise. |
| Ifraad |
isolated form of Hajj. |
| Isha |
night prayer. |
| Ihram |
The
distinctive garb of the male pilgrim worn during
Umra or Hajj. It consists of two pieces of white,
plain and unsewn cloth. One of the pieces ( ezaar ) is wrapped around the midriff to cover his
body from just above his navel to his ankles, and
the other ( reda ) is draped around his shoulders to cover the
upper body. For ladies, their ordinary, and
unpretentious clothes of daily wear constitute
their Ihram. |
| Istilam |
The
act of kissing Hajar
ul Aswad at the beginning and the end of every
circumambulation (circuit) of the Ka'bah during Tawaf. If it is not possible physically to kiss Hajar
ul Aswad for any reason, the pilgrim may extend
his hand to touch the Sacred Stone and then kiss
his own hand. If even that is not possible, he may
raise his hand towards Hajar ul Aswad and,
thereafter, kiss his own hand. |
| Jamraat |
The
three stone pillars in Mina which symbolically represent the locations
where the devil (shaitan) attempted to tempt
Prophet Ibrahim (pbuh) away from the path of
Allah. The pilgrim symbolically stones these
pillars on the 10th through to the 13th of Zul
Hijjah in commemoration of the rejection of the
devil by Prophet Ibrahim, and of his steadfastness
to the cause of Allah. The Jamraat are located
within a few hundred feet of one another in a line
and are named as follows: |
| Jamrah |
Monument in Mina. |
| Jamrah Al Aqaba |
the
monument closest to Makkah. |
| Jamrat ul Kubra |
The
last stone pillar in the line. This is also called
Jamrat ul Uqabah. |
| Jamrat ul Oola |
The
first stone pillar in the line. |
| Jamrat ul Wusta |
The
second (middle) stone pillar in the line. |
| Ka'bah |
A
cubic structure originally built by Prophet
Ibrahim (pbuh) and his eldest son Ishmael. It is
now housed within the Haram
ash Shareef in Makkah. During Hajj, the
essential rite of Tawaf is performed around the Ka'bah. Every day,
millions of Muslims perform prayers ( salat ) facing the direction of the Ka'bah. |
| Kaffarah |
Another name for Dum |
| Marwah |
A rocky hillock located
approximately one hundred yards from the Ka'bah
inside Al Masjid ul Haram. The pilgrim performs
the devotional rite of Sai between the hillocks of Safa and Marwah . |
| Mahram |
The
husband, or a male companion of a female pilgrim
to whom her marriage is expressly prohibited by
the shariah (e.g., father, brother, uncle, nephew,
etc.) A woman must be accompanied by a
Mahram for Umra and Hajj. |
| Makam-o-Ibrahim |
The
stepping stone used by Prophet Ibrahim (pbuh)
during the original construction of the Ka'bah.
The stone carries the imprints of his feet, and is
housed in a glass enclosure on the north side of
the Kabah. |
| Masjid ul
Haram |
The
mosque around the Kabah also known as Haram ash
Shareef. |
| Magrib |
dusk prayer. |
| Masha'ir |
ceremonial shrines. |
| Mes'aa |
The
stretch between Safa and Marwah . See also Sai . |
| Miqat |
An
imaginary boundary around Makkah. A prospective
pilgrim cannot cross this boundary without first
changing into Ihram. This boundary is anchored by
different townships and localities in different
directions (Zul Hulaifa in the north, Yalamlam in
the south-east, Dhat Irq in the north-east, Juhfah
in the north-west, Qarn ul Manazil in the east.)
The pilgrim changes into Ihram at Miqat and
pronounces his intention to perform Umra or Hajj.
For people living inside the Miqat permanently,
their place of residence is their Miqat. |
| Muhammad |
the
last of the prophets, the prophet of Islam. |
| Mina |
A
desert location approximately three miles east of
Makkah where several rites of Hajj are performed. |
| Muallim |
A
knowledgeable professional who can guide the
pilgrim during Hajj. Also called a Mutawwif. |
| Muhrim |
A
pilgrim in the state of Ihram |
| Multazam |
The
part of the Ka'bah between its door and Hajar
ul Aswad . This is a specially sacred part of
the Ka'bah. It is recommended that, if possible,
the pilgrim should touch the Ka'bah at Multazam
and offer supplications to Allah. However, this is
not a part of the official rites of Hajj. |
| Mutamatti |
One
who has performed Hajj ut Tamattu. |
| Mutawwif |
See Muallim |
| Muzdalifah |
A
desert location approximately midway between Mina and Arafat . The pilgrim spends the night of the 10th of Zul
Hijjah here. |
| Namira |
A
mosque in Arafat |
| Niyyah |
Intention. All acts of worship are
preceded by an appropriate niyyah. |
| Niqab |
a
face veil revealing the eyes through slashes |
| Qarin |
One
who has performed Hajj
ul Qiran |
| Qasr |
The
mode of shortened prayers usually offered when on
a journey. |
| Qiraan |
Accompanied form of Hajj. |
| Quba |
a
mosque in Madina, used to be on the outskirts. |
| Qur'an |
the
Book of Allah. |
| Qibla |
The
direction (towards the Ka'bah ) that Muslims face to pray. |
| Ramal |
The
ritual where male pilgrims are required to walk
briskly with their chests thrust forward and with
their shoulders rolling slightly during the first
three circuits of Tawaf
ul Qudoom . Ladies are not required to
practice Ramal |
| Reda' |
The
upper cloth of Ihram . |
| Rakaa |
a
unit of prayer. |
| Rukn Al Yamani - |
the
corner of the Ka'bah which faces Yemen. |
| Rummy |
The
act of symbolically stoning the devil (shaitan) in
Mina on the 10th through to the 13th of Zul
Hijjah . This commemorates the tradition that
Prophet Ibrahim (pbuh) was tempted three times by
the devil but rejected all three of the devil's
attempts by stoning him and driving him away.
These three locations are symbolised by three
stone pillars ( jamaraat ) in Mina . |
| Safa |
A
small hillock approximately half a mile from the Kabah , inside Al
Masjid ul Haram . The pilgrim performs the act
of Sai (or 'running') between Safa and Marwah . |
| Sai |
The
act of walking seven times back and forth between
the rocky hillocks of Safa and Marwah . This act retraces the footsteps of Hajar
(wife of Prophet Ibrahim), during her desperate
search for water to quench the thirst of her
infant son Ishmael after they were left in the
desert by Prophet Ibrahim (pbuh) in response to a
divine vision. |
| Sunnah |
way
of the Prophet. |
| Surah |
a
chapter of the Qur'an. |
| Salat |
Obligatory or supererogatory
prayers. |
| Shawt |
One
complete circumambulation, or circuit, of the
Kabah. Each shawt (pl. ashwaat) starts and ends at
Hajar ul Aswad. Seven ashwaat constitute one Tawaf . |
| Talbiyah |
A
recital of the following words by the pilgrim
during Umra and Hajj: Labbaik Allahumma
Labbaik. Labbaik, La Shareek Laka, Labbaik. Innal
Hamdah, Wan Nematah, Laka wal Mulk, La Shareek
Laka Translation: "Here I am at Thy
service O Lord, here I am. Here I am at Thy
service and Thou hast no partners. Thine alone is
All Praise and All Bounty, and Thine alone is The
Sovereignty. Thou hast no partners."
The Talbiyah is a prayer as well
as an assertion of the pilgrim's conviction that
he intends to perform Hajj only for the glory of
Allah. The pilgrim starts the recital upon
changing into the Ihram , and continues to recite it frequently
throughout Hajj. Male pilgrims recite the Talbiyah
loudly whereas female pilgrims are required to
recite it in a low voice. |
| Takbeer |
saying "Allahu Akbar ("Allah is
Greatest") |
| Tamattu' |
enjoyable form of Hajj. |
| Tarwiyya |
the
eighth of Dhul-Hijja. |
|
|
| Taqseer |
Shortening or clipping of the whole
head of hair by the male pilgrim following the
completion of Hajj. This may be performed in lieu
of Halq . However, snipping off a few hairs here and
there is not acceptable. The sunnah of Rasool
Allah (pbuh) supports only Taqseer and Halq. |
| Tawaf |
The
seven fold circumambulation of the Kabah while reciting prayers. It constitutes an
integral part of Umra and Hajj. There are five
different types of Tawaf (see below): |
| Tawaf ul Ifadah |
The Tawaf performed by the pilgrim on the 10th of Zul
Hijjah as the last formal rite of Hajj in Makkah
after changing into street clothes (also called
Tawaf uz Ziyarah). |
| Tawaf un Nafl |
A
devotional Tawaf which may be performed any time. |
| Tawaf ul Qudoom |
The
initial Tawaf performed by the pilgrim upon entering Al
Masjid ul Haram in Makkah pursuant upon his
intention for Hajj. |
| Tawaf ul Umra |
The Tawaf performed as a rite of Umra. |
| Tawaf ul Wuda |
The
Farewell Tawaf performed by the pilgrim just before leaving
Makkah for his next destination. |
| Umra |
A
set of religious and devotional rites performed in
Makkah. Umra, or lesser Hajj, can be
performed at any time of the year and, unlike
Hajj, does not involve the rites at Mina , Muzdalifah , and Arafat . |
| Uhud |
the
name of a mountain in Medina and the site of the
battle by this name. |
| Umar |
the
second Muslim Caliph and first Prince of the
believers. |
| Uthman |
the
third Muslim Caliph and second Prince of
thebelievers. |
| Waqfa |
The
ritual of waqfa (standing before Allah) is
performed by pilgrims at the Mount of Mercy in Arafat .It is a central rite of Hajj. |
| Wudhu |
ablution. |
| Wudhu |
The
ablution that is performed prior to prayer.. |
| Yaum un Nahr |
The
10th of Zul Hijjah. This day is designated as the
preferred day of sacrifice during Hajj. |
| Yaum ut Tarwiyah |
The
8th of Zul Hijjah signifying the start of Hajj.
The pilgrim proceeds to Mina on this day. |
| Zamzam |
The
sacred water which sprang forth miraculously under
Ishmael's (pbuh) tiny feet during his mother's
frantic search between Safa and Marwah . Zamzam is now enclosed in a marble chamber
in the Ka'bah. |
| Zul Hijjah |
The
last month of the Islamic calendar . |
